Research Guides: Photos and Images: Copyright & Fair Use

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Copyright @ CMU

CMU Copyright Web Site
Creating Multimedia
Guidance for the use, without permission, of copyrighted works when creating educational multimedia products.

Copyright and Fair Use

Association of Research Libraries Fair Use Guidelines
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Academic Libraries (2012)
Checklist for Fair Use
Copyright Advisory Office, Columbia University Libraries/Information Services
Digital Image Rights Computator
Check to see if the images you want to use and the ways you want to use them are compliant in terms of Fair Use.
Fair Use Evaluator
Helps you better understand how to determine the "fairness" of a use under the U.S. Copyright Code.

Citing Images (APA)

Like written sources, images also need to be properly cited. Always indicate, or cite where you found the image. Here are examples of the information needed to identify the source of an image.

In-Text Citation

(Artist Surname, Year)

Example:
(Baumel, 2010)

Reference List

Artist Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of the artwork [Format]. Retrieved from URL (address of web site)

Example:

Baumel, A. (2010). Cholera treatment center in Haiti [Online image]. Retrieved October 2, 2010 from https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org

No Author

Title of work [Type of work]. (Year image was created). Retrieved from URL (address of web site)

Example:

Flu epidemic [Online image]. (1919).Retrieved November 6, 2010 from http://www.history.net/photo/flu-epidemic-art/collections

No Author, No Title, No Date*

[Subject and type of work]. Retrieved from URL (address of web site)

Example:

[Untitled illustration of a sleeping dog ]. Retrieved December 5, 2010 from http://www.sleepinganimals/pix.com

*Many images found on the Web fall under this category. Try to locate the missing information by clicking on the image, and/or looking at the bottom of the image.