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Peer review is a large topic from its origin to current development. The followings only list examples of the practice.

History

• Peer review is a relatively recent innovation in the history of scientific publication. The first journal (which is still in print!) was launched in 1665 by the Royal Society in London, ... - Peer Review – A Historical Perspective MIT communication Lab

Definition

• a process by which something proposed (as for research or publication) is evaluated by a group of experts in the appropriate field Merriam-Webster
• Peer review is the system used to assess the quality of a manuscript before it is published... Peer review process - BioMed Central

Peer review process

• Understanding the peer review process: ... your paper will be sent for assessment by independent experts in your field. The reviewers are asked to judge the validity, significance, and originality of your work. - Taylor & Francis Author Services
• Peer review is designed to assess the validity, quality and often the originality of articles for publication. Its ultimate purpose is to maintain the integrity of science by filtering out invalid or poor quality articles. ... - Wiley Author Services

How many reviewers are in a peer review?

• ... two or more independent peer reviewers Best practice guidelines for peer review - Editor Resources
• ... Typically to three referees ... Guide to referees | Communications Materials - Nature
• ... at least 2 or 3 reviewers What is the average number of peer reviewers per paper?
• ... A minimum of two independent reviewers Taylor & Francis Author Services

Journal Editors vs. Reviewers

Editors possess overall responsibility for managing the publishing process, while reviewers provide critical evaluation of the submitted manuscripts. - JF Publisher

Tools for authors

• Think. Check. Submit. Website for books, chapters, journals . org

How to tell if a journal is peer-reviewed?

• Search Ulrich's Periodicals Directory. The Directory shows whether a journal is refereed (peer reviewed) and where it is indexed.
• Check the the journal's website which explains its peer-review process, such as in an editorial statement, or instructions to authors and reviewers

Publications on peer review

Fundamentals of peer review at Elsevier

Kelly J, Sadeghieh T, Adeli K. Peer Review in Scientific Publications: Benefits, Critiques, & A Survival Guide. EJIFCC. 2014 Oct 24;25(3):227-43. PMID: 27683470; PMCID: PMC4975196.