Research Guides: Sociology: APA Citation Guide

APA

American Psychological Association guide - APA Style In-Text Citations

Examples:

In-text citations - author/authors
- One to five authors: (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993)
- Six or more authors: (Harris et al., 2001)

In-Text Citations - short quotations (under 40 words)
- According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).

In-Text Citations - long quotations
- For longer than 40 words quotations, start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin.

In-Text Citations - Summary or paraphrase
- According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.

Websites

Numbers

Citing Indirect Sources: If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal phrase. List the secondary source in your reference list and include the secondary source in the parentheses. If you know the year of the original source, include it in the citation.

Johnson argued that... (as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102).
(Johnson, 1985, as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102).

Legal materials

Paper Format

MyBibA a free APA, Harvard, & MLA Citation Generator

Generative AI in APA style as of June 2023, APA style recommends citing the AI tool as the author, with in-text citations and references adapted from the reference template for software in Section 10.10 of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2020, Chapter 10).

APA 7th Number and Statistics Guide

All most all CMU databases can generate citations. However, a writer needs to use citation generators responsibly. Citation generators are, clearly, powerful tools to save time, but they can introduce systematic errors that the writer isn’t even aware of. Double-check the citation you receive against a reference. The following are a few video clips on how to use some databases to generate citations:

For Journal articles:

ProQuest (Social Services Abstracts)
CMU Library Smart Search

For Online Reference Articles

Publication Manual (OFFICIAL) 7th Edition of the American Psychological Association by American Psychological Association A WALL STREET JOURNAL, USA TODAY, AND PUBLISHERS WEEKLY BESTSELLER. The newest official release of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition includes four different formats--spiral-bound and tabbed, paperback, hardcover, and ebook, all of which are in full color. It is the official source for APA Style. With millions of copies sold worldwide in multiple languages, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the style manual of choice for writers, researchers, editors, students, and educators in the social and behavioral sciences, natural sciences, nursing, communications, education, business, engineering, and other fields.  Known for its authoritative, easy-to-use reference and citation system, the Publication Manual also offers guidance on choosing the headings, tables, figures, language, and tone that will result in powerful, concise, and elegant scholarly communication. It guides users through the scholarly writing process--from the ethics of authorship to reporting research through publication. The seventh edition is an indispensable resource for students and professionals to achieve excellence in writing and make an impact with their work.   The seventh edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect best practices in scholarly writing and publishing. All formats are in full color, with a new tabbed spiral version Easy navigation, with topics divided into numbered sections to help users quickly location the information they need  Resources for students on writing and formatting annotated bibliographies, response papers, and other paper types, guidelines on citing course materials, and guidance on writing clearly, precisely, and concisely Dedicated chapter for new users of APA Style covering paper elements and format, including sample papers for both professional authors and student writers New chapter on journal article reporting standards (JARS) that includes updates to reporting standards for quantitative research and the first-ever qualitative and mixed methods reporting standards in APA Style Updated chapter on bias-free language guidelines for writing about people with respect and inclusivity in areas including age, disability, gender, participation in research, racial and ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality  Updated chapter on essential style guidelines for scholarly writing, including punctuation, italics, capitalization, abbreviations, and numbers  More than 40 new sample tables and figures Expanded guidance on ethical writing and publishing practices, including how to ensure the appropriate level of citation, avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism, and navigate the publication process More than 100 new reference examples covering periodicals, books, audiovisual media, social media, webpages and websites, legal resources, and many other document types  Guidelines that support accessibility for all users, including simplified reference, in-text citation, and heading formats as well as additional font options
ISBN: 9781433832161
Publication Date: 2019-10-01

Plagiarism is the act of presenting the words, ideas, or images of another as your own; it denies authors or creators of content the credit they are due. Whether deliberate or unintentional, plagiarism violates ethical standards in scholarship (see APA Ethics Code Standard 8.11, Plagiarism).